The study, based on a survey of just over 1,200 adults in April 2023, alongside Census 2022 data and local community indicators, explores how neighbourhood characteristics influence public views on immigration. Contrary to some assumptions, the report found that immigrants in Ireland are not more likely to live in disadvantaged areas overall.

Notably, more negative attitudes were observed in rural areas compared to urban centres. However, in rural areas with relatively high numbers of migrants, attitudes were similar to those found in cities. Researchers suggest that positive “social contact” between migrants and non-migrants – through school, neighbourhoods, or community groups – may help foster more inclusive views.

The report also found that segregation plays a role: communities where migrants are clustered, rather than evenly integrated, showed more negative sentiment. This points again to the value of everyday interactions in reducing prejudice.

While public concern about immigration is often linked to pressure on public services such as healthcare, housing, and education, the ESRI found no strong evidence that local access to services impacts attitudes directly. Instead, broader national concerns may be driving perceptions of strain.